The evidence for potential sex differences in the COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to emerge. Furthermore, higher susceptibility related to minority race and ethnicity driven by social determinants have also come to light. Advanced age and pre-existing cardiac and metabolic conditions have now been widely reported to be associated with poor outcomes. The risk stratification for either contracting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or outcomes associated with COVID-19 are important for developing targeted prevention and management strategies. Access to de-identified data can be made to Jennifer Meeks ( which will be evaluated on a case by case basis in line with institutional policies.įunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Īs the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to unfold and evolve across the globe, population sub-groups with higher levels of disease vulnerability have been identified.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Data cannot be shared publicly because of patient confidentiality concerns as imposed by the Houston Methodist Institutional Review Board. Received: OctoAccepted: DecemPublished: January 13, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Vahidy et al. PLoS ONE 16(1):Įditor: Chiara Lazzeri, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, ITALY (2021) Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019: Cross-sectional analysis from a diverse US metropolitan area. After adjustment, length of stay (LOS), need for mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality were significantly higher in males as compared to females.Ĭitation: Vahidy FS, Pan AP, Ahnstedt H, Munshi Y, Choi HA, Tiruneh Y, et al. females) experienced pulmonary (ARDS, hypoxic respiratory failure) and extra-pulmonary (acute renal injury) complications during their hospital course. This sex difference held after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, marital status, insurance type, median income, BMI, smoking and 17 comorbidities included in Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity among all tested individuals was 15.5%, and was higher in males as compared to females 17.0% vs. Among all patients tested, men were significantly older. For hospital-based analyses, all patients admitted during the same time-period were included. A total of 96,473 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swab specimens via Polymerized Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were included. Data were extracted from Electronic Medical Records (EMR). Using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from a COVID-19 Surveillance and Outcomes Registry (CURATOR).
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